Zoning reform → construction
The evidence, visualized
44 charts, redrawn for everyone.
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Showing 44 of 44 charts
Citywide housing costs
Auckland rents rose more slowly than the no-reform path.
Greenaway-McGrevy & So · 2026
New apartments → nearby rents
Nearby rents fall after large apartment buildings open.
Asquith, Mast & Reed · 2023
Completed homes → nearby rents
Existing rents decline after nearby high-rises are completed.
Li · 2022
Upzoning → housing supply
Larger upzonings produce larger—and delayed—housing responses.
Büchler & Lutz · 2024
New homes → neighborhood change
Rent and displacement effects fade with distance from new housing.
Pennington · 2021
Tenant protection and supply
Rent control increased stability—and changed landlord behavior.
Diamond, McQuade & Qian · 2019
Broad upzoning → permits
Permitting rose sharply after Auckland upzoned.
Greenaway-McGrevy & Phillips · 2023
Land-use reform → housing growth
Less restrictive reforms were followed by faster housing growth.
Stacy et al. · 2023
Reform scale matters
A narrow zoning change was not enough to unlock broad construction.
Freemark · 2020
Transit-oriented zoning
Transit access alone does not guarantee housing-friendly zoning.
Schuetz, Giuliano & Shin · 2018
Regulation → housing costs
Land-use restrictions impose a measurable housing-cost penalty.
Albouy & Ehrlich · 2018
Development rights → permits
More development rights led to more multifamily permit filings.
Anagol, Ferreira & Rexer · 2026
Streamlining → project approvals
Streamlining moved affordable projects through entitlement.
Manji & Finnigan · 2023
ADU bonuses → project scale
San Diego's bonus program enabled multi-unit ADU projects.
California ADU researchers · 2024
Why process reform matters
Housing can face delay before and after zoning approval.
Mayer & Somerville · 2000
The zoning tax
Most Manhattan condos sold far above physical construction cost.
Glaeser, Gyourko & Saks · 2005
Housing supply and booms
Permitting surged with the housing boom—then fell sharply.
Glaeser, Gyourko & Saiz · 2008
Measuring regulation
Local housing regulation varies widely across communities.
Gyourko, Saiz & Summers · 2008
Jobs, homes, and prices
The same demand shock plays out differently where housing is constrained.
Saks · 2008
What makes homes expensive
House prices soared while physical construction costs stayed comparatively flat.
Gyourko & Molloy · 2015
Opportunity and housing costs
High housing costs erase much of the wage gain from moving.
Ganong & Shoag · 2017
Supply responsiveness
The most expensive markets often issued the fewest permits.
Glaeser & Gyourko · 2018
The national cost of constraints
A structural model finds large gains from easing California's housing constraints.
Herkenhoff, Ohanian & Prescott · 2018
The politics of housing
Supporters and opponents talk about different concerns.
Einstein, Palmer & Glick · 2019
Housing and regional inequality
Housing costs became much more unequal across U.S. metros.
Hsieh & Moretti · 2019
A supply-skeptical test
Expanding developed land alone did not predict slower price growth.
Rodríguez-Pose & Storper · 2020
Upzoning and land value
Auckland's price response depended on how much extra capacity a site gained.
Greenaway-McGrevy, Pacheco & Sorensen · 2021
Upzoning and property values
Minneapolis prices rose relative to nearby controls after the plan was announced.
Kuhlmann · 2021
Where regulation is strict
Housing regulation varies sharply—even within the same region.
Gyourko, Hartley & Krimmel · 2021
Local control and construction
More local veto power was followed by fewer permitted homes.
Mast · 2024
New housing and displacement
Neighborhood churn rises where more housing is built—but move-ins rise too.
Chapple & Song · 2025
The affordability problem
Housing prices and rents outpaced construction costs across market types.
Baum-Snow & Duranton · 2025
The cost of required parking