Opportunity and housing costs

REDRAWN FROM STUDY DATAFigure 3 · Returns to migration after housing costs

Figure 3 · Returns to migration after housing costs. Values digitized from Figure 3 in the archived publication; minor reading error is possible.
Census year	Statewide income	Low-skill income net of housing	High-skill income net of housing
1960	0.02	0.01	0.03
1970	0.01	0	0.02
1980	0	-0.02	0.01
1990	0.02	-0.05	0.01
2000	0.08	-0.11	0.04
2010	0.05	-0.2	0.03

Share the evidence

High housing costs erase much of the wage gain from moving.

For lower-skilled households, income net of housing costs falls more sharply over time than for higher-skilled households.

Source: Ganong & Shoag (2017)
Figure: Figure 3 · Returns to migration after housing costs · Figure 3; PDF p. 30
Redraw data: Values digitized from Figure 3 in the archived publication; minor reading error is possible.
Keep in mind: The estimates summarize regional migration returns; they do not isolate one housing policy.

View values used in redraw

Values used to redraw Figure 3 · Returns to migration after housing costs
Census year	Statewide income	Low-skill income net of housing	High-skill income net of housing
1960	0.02	0.01	0.03
1970	0.01	0	0.02
1980	0	-0.02	0.01
1990	0.02	-0.05	0.01
2000	0.08	-0.11	0.04
2010	0.05	-0.2	0.03